Educational information only — not medical advice. Call 911 for emergencies, 811 for health advice.

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ER Survival Guide

How the Emergency Department actually works, what triage levels mean, what to bring, and how to advocate for yourself during long waits.

Did you know?

Every ER in Canada uses CTAS — the Canadian Triage and Acuity Scale. It's not first-come-first-served; it's based on medical urgency.

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Every ER in Canada uses CTAS — the Canadian Triage and Acuity Scale. This is why someone who arrives after you may be seen first. It's not first-come-first-served; it's based on medical urgency.

Level 1 — Resuscitation: Life-threatening. Cardiac arrest, major trauma, not breathing. Seen immediately.

Level 2 — Emergent: Could become life-threatening. Chest pain, severe bleeding, stroke symptoms, serious allergic reactions. Seen within 15 minutes.

Level 3 — Urgent: Serious but stable. Broken bones, moderate pain, abdominal pain, high fever. Target: seen within 30 minutes, but waits can be longer.

Level 4 — Less Urgent: Not immediately dangerous. Minor injuries, earaches, mild sprains, rashes. May wait several hours.

Level 5 — Non-Urgent: Could be seen at a walk-in clinic. Minor cuts, cold symptoms, prescription renewals. Longest waits — sometimes 6-10+ hours.

Why this matters: If you're a Level 4 and someone with chest pain (Level 2) arrives after you, they will be seen first. This is the system working as intended — it saves lives.

💡 If you're Level 4 or 5, consider whether a , walk-in clinic, or urgent care centre could help you faster.

Must-haves:

✅ Alberta Health Care card (or your PHN written down)

✅ Current medication list (screenshot from MyHealth Records works)

✅ Photo ID

✅ Phone charger — you may be there a while

Strongly recommended:

✅ List of allergies

✅ Name of your family doctor or clinic

✅ A support person (advocate) if possible

✅ Any recent lab results or imaging (screenshot from MyHealth or MyChart)

✅ Water bottle and a snack (you may wait many hours)

✅ Comfort items (blanket, book, headphones)

For children:

✅ Favourite comfort object, snacks, entertainment

✅ Child's immunization history

✅ Children's fever reducer (Tylenol/Advil) in case the wait is long — ask triage nurse before giving

If your condition changes while waiting: Go back to the triage desk immediately and say: "My symptoms have changed since I checked in. [Describe what changed.] Can I please be reassessed?" You have the right to be re-triaged.

If you've been waiting a very long time: It's reasonable to go to the desk and ask: "Can you give me an estimate of how much longer the wait might be?" Be polite — the staff are managing many patients.

If you feel you're being dismissed: You can say: "I understand it's busy, but I'm concerned because [specific symptom]. I'd feel more comfortable if I could be reassessed."

Do NOT leave without telling someone. If you decide to leave, tell the triage nurse. If you leave without being seen, there's no follow-up — nobody will call you.

Your rights in the ER: You have the right to an interpreter, to a support person, to understand what's happening, and to refuse any treatment. See our .

FeatureEmergency DeptUrgent Care
Hours24/7Varies — typically 8 AM-10 PM
Best forLife-threatening or potentially life-threatening conditionsUrgent but not life-threatening (sprains, cuts needing stitches, infections)
Wait timesOften 3-10+ hours for non-criticalUsually shorter than ER
Imaging/labsFull imaging, labs, blood bankSome X-ray and basic labs
SpecialistsOn-call specialists availableUsually no specialists on-site

Rule of thumb: If you're unsure, call 811 — a nurse will tell you whether you need ER or urgent care.

Check MyChart within 48 hours for your after-visit summary — it will include diagnoses, medications prescribed, and follow-up instructions.

Follow up with your family doctor (or a walk-in clinic) within the timeframe noted in your discharge papers. The ER treats immediate problems — your family doctor manages the follow-through.

Fill prescriptions immediately. If you were given a prescription, fill it the same day. If you can't afford it, tell the pharmacist — they may know about coverage options or alternatives. See our .

If symptoms return or worsen: Go back. Don't feel embarrassed about returning to the ER. Say: "I was here on [date] for [condition] and my symptoms have returned/worsened."

See our for a full walkthrough.

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